Fused LISS IV Image Classification using Deep Convolution Neural Networks

These days, earth observation frameworks give a large number of heterogeneous remote sensing information. The most effective method to oversee such fulsomeness in utilizing its reciprocity is a vital test in current remote sensing investigation. Considering optical Very High Spatial Resolution (VHSR) images, satellites acquire both Multi Spectral (MS) and panchromatic (PAN) images at various spatial goals. Information fusion procedures manage this by proposing a technique to consolidate reciprocity among the various information sensors. Classification of remote sensing image by Deep learning techniques using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) is increasing a solid decent footing because of promising outcomes. The most significant attribute of CNN-based strategies is that earlier element extraction is not required which prompts great speculation capacities. In this article, we are proposing a novel Deep learning based SMDTR-CNN (Same Model with Different Training Round with Convolution Neural Network) approach for classifying fused (LISS IV + PAN) image next to image fusion. The fusion of remote sensing images from CARTOSAT-1 (PAN image) and IRS P6 (LISS IV image) sensor is obtained by Quantization Index Modulation with Discrete Contourlet Transform (QIM-DCT). For enhancing the image fusion execution, we remove specific commotions utilizing Bayesian channel by Adaptive Type-2 Fuzzy System. The outcomes of the proposed procedures are evaluated with respect to precision, classification accuracy and kappa coefficient. The results revealed that SMDTR-CNN with Deep Learning got the best all-around precision and kappa coefficient. Likewise, the accuracy of each class of fused images in LISS IV + PAN dataset is improved by 2% and 5%, respectively

Clinical study of glaucoma in pseudoexfoliation syndrome

INTRODUCTION: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is a systemic disorder that is currently the most common identifiable specific entity leading to the development of glaucoma (ritch). It commonly affects the elderly with higher intraocular pressure as pseudoexfoliation glaucoma is more severe than Primary open angle glaucoma, intra ocular pressure. Reduction helps to prevent glaucoma progression. AIM OF THE STUDY: To determine the association of glaucoma in pseudoexfoliation syndrome with respect to 1. Demographic study of pseudoexfoliation. 2. Incidence and type of glaucoma in pseudoexfoliation. 3. Study of lens morphology in pseudoexfoliation. 4. Response to treatment MATERIALS AND METHODS: 100 patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome who attended the Department of Ophthalmology, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai between January 2007 and november 2008 were included in the study. The patient’s selection criteria for the study was the presence of pseudoexfoliation material on the pupillary border and /or the lens. All the patients were subjected to a detailed slitlamp examination and the following clinical signs were specifically looked for : • Conjunctiva-congestion • Cornea-edema, pigmentation, pseudoexfoliation material • Anterior chamber –depth, flare, cells, pseudoexfoliation material, pigment dispersion • Iris-pattern, transillumination defects • Pupil-size, reaction to light, pseudoexfoliation material, dilation with mydriatics • Lens-Pseudoexfoliation material, cataractous or not. Pupil was dilated as a routine in most of the cases to note the three zones of pseudoexfoliation material on the lens capsule. glaucoma workup was done for all patients which included visual acuity , tonometer with schiotz tonometer, tonography, perimetry with bjerrum screen and gonioscopy with goldmann three mirror lens. During gonioscopy the angle stasus was assessed and the presence of pseudoexfoliation material and increased pigmentation on the angle were noted. SUMMARY : LATERALITY 53% of patients had bilateral pseudoexfoliation and 47% had unilateral pseudoexfoliation. Thus bilateral pseudoexfoliation is more common and this could be due to the possibility that the unilateral cases invariably become bilateral at a later date. In unilateral patients RE was involved in 51.06% and LE in 48.94% AGE GROUP The most common age group in both unilateral and bilateral cases was 61-70 years. . Hence pseudoexfoliation syndrome is a disease of aged. The youngest patient was 50 years old and the oldest patient was 94 years old. SEX 55% of pseudoexfoliation patients were males and 45%were females. As ultraviolet light is a possible factor related to pseudoexfoliation syndrome, the definite male preponderance could explained partly by the fact that males are more involved with outdoor activities than females. CONCLUSION: PSEUDOEXFOLIATION 1. Bilateral pseudoexfoliation was more common than unilateral pseudoexfoliation. 2. The maximal incidence of pseudoexfoliation in both unilateral and bilateral cases were in the age group 61-70 years.. 3. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome,though a disease of the elderly, can also occur in 50 years age group. 4. The youngest patient reported in this study 50 years old and the oldest patient was 94 years old. 5. Males predominated in all groups of pseudoexfoliation patients,unilateral and bilateral,and with or without glaucoma. GLAUCOMA 1. There is a risk of developing glaucoma in pseudoexfoliation patients. 2. Open angle glaucoma is more common in pseudoexfoliation syndrome .. 3. The clinically un involved eye of unilateral cases has a risk of developing glaucoma. 4. In pseudoexfoliation eyes, nuclear cataract was more common in incidence compared to cortical cataract 5. In pseudoexfoliation eyes with glaucoma cortical cataract was more common than nuclear cataract 6. pseudoexfoliation patients responds well to combination of drugs than single drug and has more responds to surgical therapy than medical therapy. 7. patients with pseudoexfoliation are more prone to posterior capsular tear and vitreous loss during cataract surgery can be reduced by prior anticipation

Comparative evaluation of degree of conversion of Etch-and-Rinse and Self-etch adhesive systems using QTH and led light curing units: An In vitro study

AIM : To determine the degree of conversion of one etch-and- rinse adhesive and three one-step self-etch adhesives for LED and QTH light cure units by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, immediately after curing and after one week of dry storage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A constant volume (0.01ml) of adhesive applied on the surface of the prepared KBr pellet. The adhesives were divided into 4 groups each containing 20 samples. Group I (Prime & Bond NT), Group II (Beauti Bond),Group III (Adper Easy One) and Group IV (XenoV).The samples were light cured with LED and QTH light cure units with a constant distance of 5mm from the pellet surface - 10 samples per light source in each group. The degree of conversion was calculated using the formula Degree of Conversion = (1 – R cured / R uncured) X 100 Where, R is the ratio of aliphatic and aromatic peak intensities at 1639 cm-1 and 1609 cm-1 in cured and uncured BisGMA-based systems and the ratio of aliphatic and carbonyl peak intensities at 1639 cm-1 and 1720 cm-1 in non-BisGMAbased systems. Statistical analysis was performed using one way ANOVA test, followed by Post-hoc multiple comparisons by Tukey’s HSD test and paired t test. RESULTS: LED showed higher degree of conversion than QTH unit in all the groups. Group IV (XenoV )showed the highest DC. Group I (Prime & Bond NT) (etch-andrinse) and Group III (Adper Easy One) showed no statistically significant difference in DC and Group II (Beauti Bond) the least degree of conversion. There is increase in degree of conversion after 1 week of dry storage in all the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of “bonding agent and curing unit” had a significant effect on degree of conversion. The more efficient curing regime of LED unit and the better performance of one-step self-etch adhesives can be considered advantageous in clinical practice

Image Steganography using Hybrid Edge Detector and Ridgelet Transform

Steganography is the art of hiding high sensitive information in digital image, text, video, and audio. In this paper, authors have proposed a frequency domain steganography method operating in the Ridgelet transform. Authors engage the advantage of ridgelet transform, which represents the digital image with straight edges. In the embedding phase, the proposed hybrid edge detector acts as a preprocessing step to obtain the edge image from the cover image, then the edge image is partitioned into several blocks to operate with straight edges and Ridgelet transform is applied to each block. Then, the most significant gradient vectors (or significant edges) are selected to embed the secret data. The proposed method has shown the advantages of imperceptibility of the stego image is increased because the secret data is hidden in the significant gradient vector. Authors employed the hybrid edge detector to obtain the edge image, which increases the embedding capacity. Experimental results demonstrates that peak signal-to-noise (PSNR) ratio of stego image generated by this method versus the cover image is guaranteed to be above 49 dB. PSNR is much higher than that of all data hiding techniques reported in the literature.Defence Science Journal, Vol. 65, No. 3, May 2015, pp.214-219, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.65.787

Cutaneous Manifestations in Thyroid Disorders

INTRODUCTION: The skin depicts numerable external markers which are associated with underlying abnormality of thyroid function and diseases. These cutaneous changes can appear either as the first presenting features or follow, or may precede the diagnosis of thyroid disorders even by many years. The present study was designed to ascertain varied cutaneous manifestations of thyroid disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a one year prospective observational study conducted in department of dermatology, madras medical college and RGGH, Chennai. Patients of various thyroid disorders were included in the study. After detailed history, they were subjected to clinical examination, investigations (routine, thyroid function tests, autoantibodies assay, ultrasonogram, biopsy, whenever necessary).Findings were tabulated and were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS: Out of total 105 patients, 95 patients were females and 10 patients were males with a male female ratio of 1:9. The age of the participants ranged from 13 years to 70 years with a mean of 38.22 (+/-13.8) years. 76 patients (72.6%) were having hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism was seen in 29 (27.3%) patients. Autoimmune thyroid antibodies were positive in 12 (11.3%) patients. The most common cutaneous findings observed in hypothyroidism were xerosis (90.8%), myxedematous changes (52.6%), telogen effluvium (51.3%), pallor (38.2%), scaly skin (35.5%), hypohydrosis (34.2%). Where as the most common cutaneous features observed in hyperthyroidism were warm skin (82.1%), soft smooth skin (64.5%), hyperhidrosis (64.3%), pruritus (60.7%), hyperpigmentation(53.6%). The associated skin diseases seen in thyroid disease patients were utricaria (9.5%), vitiligo (8.5%), alopecia areata (6.6%) and connective tissue disorders (6.6%). CONCLUSION: The specific and nonspecific cutaneous findings along with certain associated cutaneous conditions serve as a valuable clinical tool in predicting the thyroid diseases and to investigate for the same, even in a clinically euthyoid patient

Intelligent Intrusion Detection System using Enhanced Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm with Deep Learning Model

The widespread use of interoperability and interconnectivity of computing systems is becoming indispensable for enhancing our day-to-day actions. The susceptibilities deem cyber-security systems necessary for assuming communication interchanges. Secure transmission needs security measures for combating the threats and required developments to security measures that counter evolving security risks. Though firewalls were devised to secure networks, in real-time they cannot detect intrusions. Hence, destructive cyber-attacks put forward severe security complexities, requiring reliable and adaptable intrusion detection systems (IDS) that could monitor unauthorized access, policy violations, and malicious activity practically. Conventional machine learning (ML) techniques were revealed for identifying data patterns and detecting cyber-attacks IDSs successfully. Currently, deep learning (DL) methods are useful for designing accurate and effective IDS methods. In this aspect, this study develops an intelligent IDS using enhanced arithmetic optimization algorithm with deep learning (IIDS-EAOADL) method. The presented IIDS-EAOADL model performs data standardization process to normalize the input data. Besides, equilibrium optimizer based feature selection (EOFS) approach is developed to elect an optimal subset of features. For intrusion detection, deep wavelet autoencoder (DWAE) classifier is applied. Since the proper tuning of parameters of the DWNN is highly important, EAOA algorithm is used to tune them. For assuring the simulation results of the IIDS-EAOADL technique, a widespread simulation analysis takes place using a benchmark dataset. The experimentation outcomes demonstrate the improvements of the IIDS-EAOADL model over other existing technique

Radial flow of kaon mesons in heavy ion reactions

This work investigates the collective motion of kaons in heavy ion reactions at SIS energies (about 1-2 GeV/nucleon). A radial collective flow of $K^+$ mesons is predicted to exist in central Au + Au collisions, which manifests in a characteristic "shoulder-arm" shape of the transverse mass spectrum of the midrapidity $K^+$ mesons. The $K^+$ radial flow arises from the repulsive $K^+$ mean field in nuclear matter. In spite of a strong reabsorption and rescattering the attractive $K^-$ mean field leads as well to a collective radial flow of $K^-$ mesons. The $K^-$ radial flow, however, is different from that of $K^+$ mesons and can be observed by a characteristic "concave" structure of the transverse mass spectrum of the $K^-$ mesons emitted at midrapidity. The kaon radial flows can therefore serve as a novel tool for the investigation of kaon properties in dense nuclear matter.Comment: 30 pages RevTex, 5 PS figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.